Embedded Systems

Embedded Systems

Embedded system or embedded system is a special computer system that is designed to perform certain tasks and usually the system is embedded in a single system. Embedded system is a combination of hardware and software embedded in a particular device that aims to perform a specific function/task. This system becomes part of the overall system consisting of mechanics and other hardware. The field of embedded systems includes mastery of hardware (hardware). Embedded system is a digital system (electronic circuit) that is part of a larger system, which is usually not an electronic system. The word embedded indicates a part that cannot stand alone. In contrast to digital systems that are designed for general purpose.

Embedded systems are usually implemented using a microcontroller, embedded systems can provide real time responses and are widely used in digital equipment, such as watches. Embedded systems are not only known in the world of IT but also in the world of automotive and even medicine.

Problems With Embedded Systems

Embedded systems usually interact directly with the real world by processing sensor data and converting the results into actions via actuators. This leads to stringent requirements in the operational domain of embedded systems, such as a mix of real-time and event-driven functionality, security, reliability, and longevity. Safety and reliability requirements are specifically enforced by regulations and other industry standards (for example, IEC 61508 for functional safety in general or DO 178 and ISO 26262 for safety in the aerospace and automotive industries, respectively). To comply with this standard, systems may become more complex than they were originally designed for.

Connectivity trends mean that embedded systems are increasingly able to exchange data with their environment. This has many implications. cybersecurity becomes mandatory, both for control systems in industrial automation and for the automotive industry, which are enacted through UNECE regulations.

The development of embedded systems is subject to several constraints. These include technical constraints such as energy supply, physical space, signal round-trip time, and compute and memory capacity as well as business constraints, such as cost. This drives complexity because embedded systems need to provide functionality to customers while remaining within the bounds of these requirements. The biggest problem in developing and maintaining large-scale software systems is the complexity of large systems that is difficult to understand

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